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APA 7th ed. Citation Guide: Books, eBooks & Pamphlets

Contains the latest changes and updates to APA Style

Missing Information?

Some sources, such as websites, may not have the full information to create a citation.  APA has guidelines for dealing with missing components of a citation, both in-text and reference entry.

FAQ - Works by the Same Author with the Same Year

When you are citing two different sources that share the same author and year of publication, assign lowercase letters after the year of publication (a, b, c, etc.). Assign these letters according to which title comes first alphabetically. Use these letters in both in-text citations and the Reference list.

Example In-Text:

Paraphrasing content from first source by this author (Daristotle, 2015a). "Now I am quoting from the second source by the same author" (Daristotle, 2015b, p. 50).

Example Reference List entries:

Daristotle, J. (2015a). Name of book used as first source. Toronto, ON: Fancy Publisher.

Daristotle, J. (2015b). Title of book used as second source. Toronto, ON: Very Fancy Publisher.

How Can I Tell if it's a Book in Print or an eBook?

A print book means it's printed on paper. If you checked the book out of a library or bought it from a bookstore, it's print.

An eBook is a book you can read entirely online or can be downloaded onto a device to read offline.

Author Information!

PRO TIP: Formatting Author Names

Author, A.A. etc = Author's Last Name, First Name Initial. Middle Name Initial.

Book, print or eBook with One Author

Reference page citation:

Author, A. A. (Date). Book title (Edition or Volume). Publisher Name.

Burgess, R. (2019).  Rethinking global health: Frameworks of power (8th ed.). Routledge.

In-Text:

Paraphrase: (Brown, 2018)

Quote:           (Brown, 2018, p. 70)

Reference page citation:

DOI:

Author, A. A. (Date). Book title (Edition or Volume). Publisher Name. https://doi.org/xxxx

Brown, L. S. (2018). Feminist therapy: Counselling manual for professionals (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000092-000

No DOI:

Author, A. A. (Date). Book title. (Edition or Volume). Publisher Name.

Burgess, R. (2019).  Rethinking global health: Frameworks of power (8th ed.). Routledge.

In-Text:

Paraphrase: (Brown, 2018)

Quote:           (Brown, 2018, p. 101)

Reference page citation, including Kindle or audiobook without a DOI:

Author, A. A. (Date). Book title (Edition or Volume).  Publisher Name. http://xxxx

E-book:

Christian, B. T. (2016). Algorithms to live by. Henry Holt and Co. http://a.co/7QGBZAk

Audiobook:

Cain, S. (2012). Quite: The power of introverts in a world that can't stop talking (K. Mazur, Narr.) [Audiobook]. Random House Audio.  http://bit.ly/2G0Bpbl

In-Text:

Paraphrase: (Cain, 2012)

Quote:           (Cain, 2012, p. 157)

Reference page citation: 

Corporation/Association Name. (Date). Book title (Edition or Volume). Publisher Name.

Print:

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Author

Online:

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Author. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format/sample-papers

Rule: If the Author is also the Publisher of the pamphlet/brochure, use the word "Author" where you would normally put the publisher's name.

 

In-Text:

Paraphrase:  (American Psychological Association, 2010)

Quote:            (American Psychological Association, 2010, p. 205)

 

To learn how to use Corporation Abbreviations/Short forms, check out the In-Text Citations for Corporate Authors

Book, print or eBook with Two Authors

Reference page citation:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Book title (Edition or Volume). Publisher Name.

Laurel, S. & Hardy, O. (2000). Biography of true slapstick comedians. Penguin.

In-Text:

Paraphrase: (Laurel & Hardy, 2000)

Quote:           (Laurel & Hardy, 2000, p. 70)

Reference page citation:

DOI:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Book title (Edition or Volume). Publisher Name. https://doi.org/xxxx

Swartz, A. R. & Kopf, B. C. (2019).  The beauty industry from the inside: profit from female oppression (1st Cdn. ed.). Pearson. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470561119

No DOI:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Book title. (Edition or Volume). Publisher Name.

Underwood, K. R. & Pearl, J. M. (2020).  Living in two worlds under a media microscope: Redefining personal space. Vanity Life.

In-Text:

Paraphrase: (Swartz & Kopf, 2019)

Quote:           (Swartz & Kopf, 2019, p. 101)

Reference page citation:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Book title (Edition or Volume). Publisher Name. http://xxxx

Allen, G. M., & Tozzer, A. M. (1910).  Animal figures in the Maya codices. [Project Gutenburg version]. Harcourt. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19042

In-Text:

Paraphrase: (Allen & Tozzer, 1910)

Quote:           (Allen & Tozzer, 1910, p. 22)

Book, print or eBook with Three to Twenty Authors

Reference page citation:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author E. E., & Author, F., F.  (Date). Book title (Edition or Volume). Publisher.

Charles, B. D., Lionel, C. S., Thistle, T. D., & Dogg, S. D. (2019).  Charles Schultz, a man of comedic character with a message for all humanity.   Random House.

In-Text:     See In-Text Citations Multiple Authors

 

Reference page citation

DOI:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author E. E., & Author, F. F.  (Date). Book title (Edition or Volume). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxx.xxxxx

Bush, A. A., Nipperess, D. A., Duursma, D. E., Theischinger, G., Turak, E., & Hughes, L. G. (2012). Climate change: fact or fake news? Neilson. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000131-000

No DOI:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author E. E., & Author, F. F.  (Date). Book title. (Edition or Volume). Publisher.

Walters, A. B., Beatty, D. A., Diltmas, E. V., Caverleigh, G., Craig, A-C., & Adamas, G. (2019). Electromagnetic force: a thrilling jolt to the system. Apple Academics.

In-Text:     See In-Text Citations Multiple Authors

               

 

Reference page citation:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., & Author, D. D. (Date). Book title (Edition or Volume). Publisher. http://xxxxx

Baker, P. A., Grant, D. A., Drake, D. E., Stark, G., Tangier, P. E. & Hughes, L. (1910). White tailed deer and other creatures of the forest.  [Project Gutenburg version]. Rainbow Press. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19042

 

In-Text:    See In-Text Citations Multiple Authors

   

 

Book, print or eBook with Twenty-one or more Authors

Reference page citation:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S., . . .  Author, Z. Z. (Year). Book Title. Publisher.

Rose, A. B., Lyttle, X. S., Pyper, D. F., Nabb, G. B., Kader, J. J., Brywood, C. J., Cabey, C. K., Wacey, I. M., Dymock, N. M., Ivor, T. P., Izzard, L. S., Jablonski, N. S., Rabbatts, P. M., Qureshi, J. N., Rabb, E. O., Gabbidon, R. T., Fyson, V. M., Pacitti, S. E., Ozkan, S. M., . . .  Kainth, E. C. (2018). Guinness: a liquid landmark. Inverness Press.

In-Text:     See In-Text Citations Multiple Authors

Reference page citation:

DOI:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S., . . .  Author, Z. Z. (Year). Book Title. Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Ortega, J. P., Cooper, M-J. A., Wong, J. P. Esparza, Q. D., English, C. W., Coleman, W. I., Ward, F. D., Hess, A. T., Hoover, D. W., Figueroa, S. N., Dyer-Briggs, M. N., Cook, B. W., Irwin, U. G., Hull, Q. O., Liu, T. G., Schultz, H. E., Friedman, J. G., Robles, S. T., Tanner, A. R., . . . Hughes, L. (2012). Creative writing: Political Journalism. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.4567/S1238410780000255

No DOI:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S., . . .  Author, Z. Z. (Year). Book Title. Publisher.

Whitney, H. L., Finley, R. H., Boyer, O. M., Zavala, I. T., Quinn, T. M., McClure, C. L, Bush, A. A., McNeil, D. A., Bauer, D. E., Theischinger, G., Hogan, E., Grant, A. P., Haynes, Y. U., Moran, N. S., Bray, M. C., Ryan, S. M., Deleon, G. T., Aguilar, K. S., Santana, D. I., . . . Hughes, L. (2019). Political Journalism: Fake news in the era of celebrity leadership. Routledge.

In-Text:     See In-Text Citations Multiple Authors

Reference page citation:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S., . . .  Author, Z. Z. (Year). Book Title. Publisher. http://xxxxx

Wade, V. L., Kline, P. A., Andreas, T. A., Duffy, J. D., Calderon, W. B., Badmaas, D. P., Scott, Y. T., Yin, C. V., McKee, I. W., Dawson, Y. B., Garrison, J. M., Zuckerman, F. E., Angliess, G., Horn, T. M., Spencer, J. A., Strange, T.,  Chase, C., Acosta, M. B., Massemo, T. P., . . . Harness, L. (2015).  Graphic design through the ages: progression of technology's impact on advertising. American Association of Marketing Professionals. http://www.aamp.org/graphicdesignebook/19042

 

In-Text:     See In-Text Citations Multiple Authors

Edited works

Rules:

  • To identify that the entry was an edited work, include "(Ed.)" after the Editor's surname in the reference list entry. 
  • For multiple Editors, include "(Eds.)" at the end of all surnames in the reference entry. 
  • Do not include this abbreviation in the in-text citation. 
  • Follow all Citation rules as identified for number of Authors, Source type &/or format, etc.

 

Reference page citation:

Single Editor:

Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Date). Book title. (Edition or Volume). Publisher.

Hyde, M.J. (Ed.). (2018). Dual personalities: living with a monster.  (2nd ed.). Jekyll & Hyde Labs.

 

Multiple Editors:

Editor, A. A., Editor, B. B., Editor, C. C., . . . Editor, D. D. (Eds.). (Date). Book title. (Edition or Volume). Publisher.

Zavala, M. J., Bradshaw, S. E., Perez, D. S., . . .  Dillon, B. H. (Eds.). (2018). Human anatomy: Personal support in the home care setting.  (2nd Cdn. ed.).  Pearson Canada.

In-text citation:

Paraphrase:    (Hyde, 2018)

(Zavala et al., 2018)

Quote:              (Hyde, 2018, p. 70)

(Zavala et al., 2018, p. 345)

Chapters, Articles, Short Stories, or Essays from a Book (Anthology or Collection)

Reference page citation: 

Author A .A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title. In A. A. Editor,  B. B. Editor & C. C. Editor (Eds), Book title. (Edition or Volume, pp. xxx-xxx). Publisher.

Stockert, P. A. & Taylor, C. (2014). Sleep: An integral component of a healthy lifestyle. In P. A. Potter, A. G. Perry, J. C. Ross-Kerr & M. J. Wood (Eds.), Canadian fundamentals of nursing (5th Cdn. ed., pp. 993-1016). Elsevier.

In-Text citation:

Paraphrase:  (Stockert & Taylor, 2014)

Quote:            (Stockert & Taylor, 2014, p. 998)

See In-Text Citation for Multiple Authors/Editors

Pamphlets, Course Packs and Laboratory Manuals

Reference page citation:

Company Name. (Year). Title. [Pamphlet or Brochure]. Publisher.

Region of Waterloo Public Health. (n.d.). Eat well for less [Brochure]. Author.

In-Text citation:

Paraphrase:   (Region of Waterloo Public Health, n.d.)

Quote:              (Region of Waterloo Public Health, n.d., p. 15)

Rule: If the Author is also the Publisher of the pamphlet/brochure, use the word "Author" where you would normally put the publisher's name.

Reference page citation:

Author A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title. In A.A. Instructor (Ed., Course number: Course Title. (Edition or Volume, pp. xxx-xxx). Bookstore Publisher.

Morris, M. (2014). The fitness instructor role in a public wellness centre. In T. Hay (Comp.), FHP 225: Professional Practice. (pp.125-132). Fleming College.

In-Text citation:

Paraphrase:   (Morris, 2014)

Quote:              (Morris, 2014, p. 125)

Rules:

Title:  Start with the Course Code followed by the Course Title.

Place of Publication:  For course packs made by College/Universities with multiple campus locations, use the city of the Main Campus as the place of publication. 

Note:  (Comp.) refers to the Compiler of the Course Pack.

Reference page citation:

Author A. A..(Year). Title. Course code Lab manual: Title. (Edition or Volume). Publisher.

Wassenaar-Faber, M. (2015). BIO173 lab manual : Introduction to biological techniques part I. Fleming College.

In-Text citation:

Paraphrase:   (Wassenaar-Faber, 2015) 

Quote:              (Wassenaar-Faber, 2015, pg. 26)

Rules:

Title:  Start with the Course Code followed by the Course Title.

Place of Publication:  For Laboratory Manuals made by College/Universities with multiple campus locations, use the city of the Main Campus as the place of publication. Check the manual for the specific publisher.

Author:  The Author may be identified as a School or Department (such as School of Health, or Department of Social Service Worker).

In-Text Citation for Author Variations

 

Paraphrase citation: (Laurel & Hardy, 2000)
Quote citation: (Laurel & Hardy, 2000, p. 55)

Narrative citation:

Laurel and Hardy (2000) studied differing forms of comedy before formalizing slapstick comedy as their performance style.

 

Paraphrase citation: (Charles et al., 2019)
Quote citation: (Charles et al., 2019, para. 5)
Narrative citation: Charles et al. (2019) discovered that children between the ages of 10 and 16 were more prone to peer pressure.

Paraphrase citation: (Microsoft, 2020)
Quote citation: (Microsoft, 2020, para. 8)
Narrative citation: Microsoft (2020), like many large corporations, has a corporate responsibility policy that claims it is committed to giving back to Canadians.

 Corporate Author with a known abbreviation:

If the organization is often referred by an abbreviation, use the following style:

Paraphrase citation:

1st Citation: (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health [CAMH], 2019)

Subsequent Citations: (CAMH, 2019)
Quote citation:

1st Citation: (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health [CAMH], 2019, para. 8)

Subsequent Citations: (CAMH, 2019, para. 8)
Narrative citation:

1st Citation: The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH, 2019) provides mental health services for patients found to be criminally insane and not fit for trial.

Subsequent Citations:  CAMH (2019) has responded to the large news coverage of recent patients who have left their care without authorization.

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