Education: History

From The Dictionary of Alternatives
A term meaning ‘self-education’ or ‘self-directed learning’. The great age of auto-didacticism in England was during the formation of radical working-class organizations and movements at the end of the eighteenth and in the first half of the nineteenth century.

From The Encyclopaedia of the Renaissance
Those arts which, according to a classification made first in antiquity, were worthy of study by a free (Latin liber) man.

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
Method of elementary education devised by British educators Joseph Lancaster and Andrew Bell during the 19th cent. to furnish schooling to the underprivileged even under conditions of severely limited facilities.

From Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature
The term “quadrivium” refers to a more advanced grouping of four of the seven liberal arts: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music.

From Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature
The trivium was a division of the seven liberal arts that included the three elements of grammar, rhetoric, and logic.

In the United States, programs to overcome the effects of past societal discrimination by allocating jobs and resources to members of specific groups, such as minorities and women.

Case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1954. Linda Brown was denied admission to her local elementary school in Topeka because she was black.

From Dictionary of American government and politics
Busing refers to the assignment and transport of children to schools beyond their immediate neighbourhoods in order to obtain racial balance.

The rights guaranteed by the state to its citizens. It incorporates the belief that governments should not arbitrarily act to infringe these rights, and that individuals and groups, through political action, have a legitimate role in determining and influencing what constitutes them.

The process of ending separation or isolation of a group who were restricted by law or custom to separate living areas, public facilities, educational institutions, etc.

Racism can be described as an extreme form of ethnocentrism (i.e., seeing one’s language, customs, ways of thinking, and material culture as preferable).